Wednesday, September 23, 2026

 

Indian Freedom Struggle — Chronological Topic Structure, 1858–1947

 

A.     Rise of Assertive Nationalism & Partition of Bengal: 1905–1909

1905

1.      Partition of Bengal

2.      Lord Curzon and the Partition

3.      Swadeshi Movement

4.      Boycott Movement

5.      National Education Movement

6.      Promotion of Indigenous Industries

7.      Vande Mataram and Nationalist Literature

8.      Boycott of Foreign Goods

9.      Growth of Revolutionary Nationalism

1906

1.      Formation of All-India Muslim League

2.      Muslim League founded at Dacca

3.      Calcutta Session of INC, 1906

4.      Dadabhai Naoroji and the demand for Swaraj

5.      Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education resolutions

1907

1.      Surat Split of Congress

2.      Moderates vs Nationalists/Extremists

3.      Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal ( Lal-Bal-Pal )

4.      Revolutionary Organisations

5.      Revolutionary activities in Bengal and Maharashtra

1908–1909

1.      Revolutionary activities and British repression

2.      Alipore Bomb Case

3.      Indian Councils Act, 1909 — Morley-Minto Reforms

4.      Introduction of Separate Electorates

5.      Growth of communal political representation

 

B.      Revolutionary Nationalism & Home Rule:

1910–1915

1.      Revolutionary Organisations in India

2.      Anushilan Samiti

3.      Jugantar

4.      Abhinav Bharat

5.      India House and revolutionary activities abroad

6.      Ghadar Movement

7.      First World War and Indian Nationalism

8.      Ghadar Party, 1913

9.      Komagata Maru episode, 1914

10.  Defence of India Act, 1915

11.  Home Rule Movement

12.  Bal Gangadhar Tilak's Home Rule League

13.  Annie Besant's Home Rule League

14.  Home Rule agitation

15.  Gandhi's return to India, 1915

1916

1.      Lucknow Session of Congress

2.      Reunion of Moderates and Extremists

3.      Lucknow Pact

4.      Congress–Muslim League cooperation

5.      Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Lucknow Pact

6.      Home Rule Movement

1917

1.      Montagu Declaration

2.      Champaran Satyagraha

3.      Gandhi's emergence as a major Indian political leader

 

C. Gandhian Entry & Mass Movements: 1918–1922

1918

1.      Ahmedabad Mill Strike

2.      Kheda Satyagraha

3.      Gandhi's Satyagraha methods

4.      Peasant and labour mobilisation

1919

1.      Rowlatt Act

2.      Rowlatt Satyagraha

3.      Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

4.      Hunter Committee

5.      Punjab atrocities and repression

6.      Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

7.      Government of India Act, 1919

8.      Introduction of Dyarchy

9.      Khilafat Movement

10.  Gandhi and the Khilafat Movement

1920

1.      Non-Cooperation Movement

2.      Congress Nagpur Session

3.      Boycott of schools and colleges

4.      Boycott of law courts

5.      Boycott of foreign cloth

6.      Khadi and constructive programme

1921

1.      Expansion of Non-Cooperation

2.      Khilafat–Non-Cooperation mobilisation

3.      Prince of Wales boycott

1922

1.      Chauri Chaura Incident

2.      Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement

3.      Swaraj Party

4.      C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru

5.      Council-entry debate

 

D. Revolutionary Movement: 1922–1931

1.      Revolutionary Nationalism after 1922

2.      Hindustan Republican Association (HRA)

3.      Kakori Conspiracy, 1925

4.      Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad

5.      Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

6.      Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru

7.      Saunders assassination

8.      Central Legislative Assembly Bomb Case, 1929

9.      Bhagat Singh's trial and execution

10.  Jatin Das and Lahore Jail hunger strike

11.  Revolutionary activities in Bengal

12.  Chittagong Armoury Raid, 1930

13.  Surya Sen and the Chittagong revolutionaries

 

E. Simon Commission to Purna Swaraj: 1927–1930

1927-28

1.      Simon Commission appointed

2.      Simon Commission boycott

3.      Lala Lajpat Rai and protest against Simon Commission and death

4.      Nehru Report

5.      Motilal Nehru Committee

6.      Dominion Status debate

7.      Bardoli Satyagraha

8.      All Parties Conference

1929

1.      Lahore Session of Congress

2.      Jawaharlal Nehru as Congress President

3.      Purna Swaraj / Complete Independence Declaration

4.      Congress decision to launch Civil Disobedience

  1. 26 January 1930 — Independence Day observance
  2. Jinnah's Fourteen Points, 1929
  3. Lahore Conspiracy Case

1930

1.      Civil Disobedience Movement

2.      Dandi March

3.      Salt Satyagraha

4.      Salt Laws and their violation

5.      Spread of Civil Disobedience across India

  1. Women in the Civil Disobedience Movement
  2. Resumption of Civil Disobedience
  3. Communal Award
  4. Harijan movement
  5. Civil Disobedience Movement withdrawn, 1934

 

E. Round Table Conferences & Gandhi-Irwin Pact: 1930–1932

1.      First Round Table Conference, 1930–31

2.      Gandhi and the Civil Disobedience Movement

3.      Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931

4.      Gandhi's participation in the Second Round Table Conference

5.      Second Round Table Conference, 1931

6.      Failure of the Round Table negotiations

7.      Resumption of Civil Disobedience

8.      British repression

9.      Communal Award, 1932

10.  Poona Pact, 1932

11.  Gandhi and the Depressed Classes question

12.  Third Round Table Conference, 1932

 

F. Government of India Act & Provincial Politics: 1935–1939

1.      Government of India Act, 1935

2.      Provincial Autonomy

3.      Proposed All-India Federation

4.      Expansion of electorate

5.      Provincial Elections, 1937

6.      Congress Ministries, 1937–1939

7.      Muslim League and provincial politics

8.      Congress Ministries' policies

9.      Resignation of Congress Ministries, 1939

10.  Second World War and India

11.  August Offer, 1940

  1. Congress–Muslim League relations in the provinces
  2. All-India Kisan Sabha, 1936
  3. Congress Socialist Party, 1934
  4. Tripuri Congress Crisis, 1939

 

G. Individual Satyagraha & Road to Quit India: 1940–1942

1.      Individual Satyagraha

2.      Vinoba Bhave — First Individual Satyagrahi

3.      Jawaharlal Nehru — Second Individual Satyagrahi

4.      Cripps Mission

5.      Cripps Mission, 1942

6.      Failure of the Cripps proposals

7.      Quit India Movement

8.      8 August 1942 — Quit India Resolution

9.      "Do or Die"

10.  Arrest of Congress leaders

11.  Underground resistance

12.  Parallel Governments

13.  Quit India Movement in different regions

14.  Student and youth participation

15.  Women in the Quit India Movement

  1. Lahore Resolution / Pakistan Resolution, 1940
  2. Role of Aruna Asaf Ali
  3. Usha Mehta and Congress Radio

 

H. Subhas Chandra Bose & Indian National Army

1.      Subhas Chandra Bose

2.      Bose and the Congress

3.      Forward Bloc

4.      Bose's escape from India

5.      Indian National Army (INA)

6.      INA under Subhas Chandra Bose

7.      Provisional Government of Azad Hind

8.      Azad Hind Fauj campaigns

9.      Imphal–Kohima campaign

10.  INA's role and significance

11.  INA Trials, 1945–46

  1. Indian National Army — First INA under Mohan Singh
  2. Rani of Jhansi Regiment
  3. INA surrender

 

I. Final Phase: 1945–1947

1.      End of Second World War

2.      INA Trials

3.      Wavell Plan, 1945

4.      Simla Conference, 1945

5.      Royal Indian Navy Revolt / Mutiny, 1946

6.      Labour Party Government in Britain

7.      Cabinet Mission, 1946

8.      Cabinet Mission Plan

9.      Interim Government

10.  Gandhi's Noakhali peace mission

11.  Gandhi-Jinnah talks

12.  Rajagopalachari Formula, 1944

13.  Jawaharlal Nehru and the Interim Government

14.  Muslim League's participation in the Interim Government

15.  Direct Action Day, 16 August 1946

16.  Communal violence and Calcutta killings

17.  Constituent Assembly

18.  Desai-Liaquat Pact, 1945

19.  Radcliffe Boundary Commission

20.  Mountbatten becomes Viceroy

21.  Mountbatten Plan, 3 June 1947

22.  Partition Plan

23.  Indian Independence Act, 1947

24.  Partition of British India

25.  Transfer of Power

26.  Independence of India — 15 August 1947

27.  Pakistan — 14 August 1947

28.  Partition and Refugee Crisis

29.  Communal violence and displacement

30.  Integration of princely states — important follow-up topic, 1947–49

 

J. Constitutional Acts

For your quiz taxonomy, I would not scatter these Acts among the movements. Make one dedicated "Constitutional Developments" topic:

Year

Act / Development

1909

Indian Councils Act — Morley-Minto Reforms

1917

Montagu Declaration

1919

Government of India Act — Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

1919

Rowlatt Act

1928

Nehru Report

1930–32

Round Table Conferences

1932

Communal Award

1932

Poona Pact

1935

Government of India Act

1940

August Offer

1942

Cripps Proposals

1946

Cabinet Mission Plan

1947

Indian Independence Act

 

Important Governer Generals and Viceroys

No.

Governor-General

Tenure

Important developments

1

Warren Hastings

1773–1785

First Governor-General of Bengal; Regulating Act 1773; Rohilla War; First Anglo-Maratha War; Second Anglo-Mysore War; administrative reforms

3

Lord Cornwallis

1786–1793

Permanent Settlement 1793; Cornwallis Code; Third Anglo-Mysore War

5

Lord Wellesley

1798–1805

Subsidiary Alliance; Fourth Anglo-Mysore War; Second Anglo-Maratha War; expansion of British power

6

Lord Cornwallis

1805

Second term; died shortly after returning

8

Lord Minto I

1807–1813

Treaty of Amritsar 1809; Charter Act 1813

9

Lord Hastings

1813–1823

Anglo-Nepal War; Treaty of Sugauli; Third Anglo-Maratha War; end of Peshwa power

11

Lord Amherst

1823–1828

First Anglo-Burmese War; Barrackpore disturbances

13

Lord William Bentinck

1828–1835

Sati abolished; suppression of Thuggee; English education policy; Charter Act 1833

14

Lord William Bentinck

1833–1835

First Governor-General of India

15

Sir Charles Metcalfe (acting)

1835–1836

Repealed restrictions on the Indian press; known as Liberator of the Indian Press

18

Lord Hardinge I

1844–1848

First Anglo-Sikh War; Treaty of Lahore

19

Lord Dalhousie

1848–1856

Doctrine of Lapse; annexations; Second Anglo-Sikh War; Punjab annexed; railways, telegraph and postal reforms; Wood's Despatch; major pre-1857 expansion

20

Lord Canning

1856–1858

Revolt of 1857; Government of India Act 1858

No.

Viceroy

Tenure

Major developments

1

Lord Canning

1858–1862

First Viceroy; Queen's Proclamation; Indian Councils Act 1861

3

Sir John Lawrence

1864–1869

Bhutan War; administrative reforms

4

Lord Mayo

1869–1872

Financial decentralisation; statistical survey; assassinated at Port Blair

6

Lord Lytton

1876–1880

Delhi Durbar 1877; Vernacular Press Act; Arms Act; Second Anglo-Afghan War

7

Lord Ripon

1880–1884

Local self-government; repeal of Vernacular Press Act; Hunter Commission; Ilbert Bill

8

Lord Dufferin

1884–1888

Indian National Congress founded, 1885; Third Anglo-Burmese War

11

Lord Curzon

1899–1905

Partition of Bengal 1905; Universities Act; Police Commission; Ancient Monuments Preservation Act; expansion of British administrative control

12

Lord Minto II

1905–1910

Swadeshi movement; Muslim League founded 1906; Morley-Minto Reforms 1909

13

Lord Hardinge II

1910–1916

Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, 1911; Delhi Durbar; First World War period

14

Lord Chelmsford

1916–1921

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms; Government of India Act 1919; Rowlatt Act; Jallianwala Bagh; Non-Cooperation begins

16

Lord Irwin

1926–1931

Simon Commission; Civil Disobedience Movement; Gandhi-Irwin Pact; First Round Table Conference

17

Lord Willingdon

1931–1936

Second Round Table Conference; Civil Disobedience repression; Government of India Act 1935

18

Lord Linlithgow

1936–1943

Provincial elections 1937; Second World War; August Offer; Individual Satyagraha; Quit India Movement

19

Lord Wavell

1943–1947

Wavell Plan; Simla Conference; Cabinet Mission; Interim Government

20

Lord Mountbatten

1947

Last Viceroy; Indian Independence Act; Independence and Partition, 15 August 1947

 

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